dpkg

List all installed packages :

1
#dpkg -l

Dump installed packages to a file :

1
# dpkg --get-selections > packages

Reinstall listed packages :

1
# dpkg --set-selections < packages

Search the package that install a file :

1
# dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/linux-image-generic
linux-image-generic: /usr/share/doc/linux-image-generic